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}} |image = USAir Flight 1493 traffic movements.svg |caption = Diagram showing movement of the aircraft involved in the accident. |date = February 1, 1991 |type = Runway collision caused by ATC error and negligence |outcome = Collision |cause_is = Determined |cause = ATC |site = |total_passengers = 91 |total_injuries = 29 |total_fatalities = 35 (includes one death after 31 days) |total_survivors = 66 |plane1_image = USAir Boeing 737-3B7; N363AU, June 1986 AOI (5288900496).jpg |plane1_caption = A USAir Boeing 737-3B7, similar to the one involved |plane1_type = Boeing 737-3B7 |plane1_operator = USAir |plane1_tailnum = N388US |plane1_origin = Syracuse Hancock Int'l Airport |plane1_stopover0 = Washington National Airport |plane1_stopover1 = Port Columbus Int'l Airport |plane1_laststopover = Los Angeles Int'l Airport |plane1_destination = San Francisco Int'l Airport |plane1_passengers = 83 |plane1_crew = 6 |plane1_injuries = 12 serious, 17 minor |plane1_fatalities= 23 (includes one death after 31 days) |plane1_survivors = 66 |plane2_image = Fairchild SA-227AC Metro III, SkyWest Airlines AN1599724.jpg |plane2_caption = A SkyWest Airlines Fairchild Metroliner, similar to the one involved |plane2_type = Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner |plane2_operator = SkyWest Airlines |plane2_tailnum = N683AV |plane2_origin = Los Angeles Int'l Airport |plane2_destination = LA/Palmdale Regional Airport |plane2_passengers = 10 |plane2_crew = 2 |plane2_fatalities = 12 (all) }} USAir Flight 1493 was a scheduled United States (US) domestic passenger flight from Syracuse Hancock International Airport, New York, to San Francisco International Airport, California, via Washington, D.C., Columbus, Ohio, and Los Angeles, California. On the evening of Friday, February 1, 1991, the aircraft serving the flight accidentally collided with SkyWest Flight 5569 upon landing at Los Angeles. That evening saw slow to moderate air traffic at Los Angeles airport (LAX), but as the USAir 737 was on final approach, a series of abnormalities distracted the local controller, including an aircraft that inadvertently switched off the tower frequency and a misplaced flight progress strip which resulted in the SkyWest Metroliner being told to taxi into takeoff position while the USAir flight was landing on the same runway without the Metroliner ever being given a takeoff clearance. Upon landing, the 737 collided with the twin-engine turboprop, continued down the runway with the turboprop crushed beneath it, exited the runway, and caught fire. All 12 people aboard the smaller plane were killed, as well as an eventual total of 23 out of the 89 passengers on the Boeing. Rescue workers were on the scene of the fire within minutes and began the evacuation of the plane. Because of the intense fire, three of the 737's six exits could not be used. Neither of the front exits were usable, which caused the front passengers to try to use the overwing exits. However, only one of the overwing exits was usable, which caused a backlog to form. Most of those aboard the 737 who died in the accident succumbed to asphyxiation in the post-crash fire. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found the probable cause of the accident to be procedures in use at the LAX control tower, which provided inadequate redundancy, leading to a loss of situational awareness by the local controller. The crash led directly to the NTSB's recommendation of using different runways for takeoffs and landings at LAX. ==Accident details== USAir Flight 1493 was a scheduled service from Syracuse, making stops at Washington, D.C., Columbus, Ohio, and Los Angeles (LAX), before continuing to San Francisco.〔 On February 1, 1991, after a crew change in Washington,〔 it was under the command of Captain Colin Shaw, 48, a highly experienced pilot with approximately 16,300 total flight hours, and First Officer David Kelly, 32, who had approximately 4,300 total flight hours. Flying into LAX, the aircraft carried 83 passengers and a crew of six. LAX consists of four parallel runways, with the two runways and associated taxiways north of the terminal called the ''North Complex''. Aircraft that landed on the outer runway – 24R – would cross the inboard runway – 24L – in order to reach the terminal. SkyWest Airlines Flight 5569, a twin-engine Fairchild Metroliner bound for Palmdale, California, with 10 passengers and two crew members on board, was cleared by an Air Traffic Controller in the LAX tower (the 'local controller') to taxi to Runway 24L, moving from gate 32 to the runway via taxiways Kilo, 48, Tango, and 45 (names have been re-designated Charlie, Sierra, Delta, and Delta10 since 1991). The plane was briefly not visible from the tower on taxiway 48 between Kilo and Tango in the area known as ''no man's land''. The captain of the Metroliner was Andrew J. Lucas, 32, and the first officer was Frank C. Prentice, 45. Lucas had logged approximately 8,800 hours of total flight time and Prentice had accrued approximately 8,000 hours of total flight time. Immediately prior to SkyWest 5569 reaching runway 24L, a Wings West aircraft had landed on 24R and was awaiting permission to cross 24L and taxi to the terminal. The local controller attempted to cross the Wings West aircraft but the crew had changed frequencies and did not answer, distracting the local controller as she attempted to reestablish communications. Shortly after 6 PM local time, as the USAir plane was making its final approach to LAX, the Metroliner was cleared by the local controller to taxi into its takeoff position on 24L at the intersection of taxiway 45, some up from the runway threshold.〔Kilroy, Chris. (AirDisaster.Com: Special Report: USAir Flight 1493 ). Retrieved on 2009-12-16.〕 After four attempts by the local controller, the Wings West aircraft finally responded to the tower and apologized for switching frequencies. The local controller then cleared the USAir flight to land on 24L, even though the SkyWest Metroliner was still holding in takeoff position on the runway. With this activity ongoing, another Wings West aircraft, a Metroliner similar to SkyWest 5569, called the tower reporting they were ready for takeoff. The same local controller queried this aircraft about their position, and they told her they were holding on a taxiway short of 24L. The flight progress strip for this flight had not yet been given to the local controller by the clearance delivery controller (another distraction), and the local controller mistakenly thought this taxiway Metroliner was SkyWest 5569 and thus the runway was clear of aircraft. The first officer of the USAir flight recalled hearing this conversation, but did not remember anyone being cleared to hold on the runway. The USAir plane touched down near the runway threshold. Just as the nose was being lowered, the first officer noticed SkyWest 5569 on the runway and applied maximum braking, but it was too late. The USAir plane slammed into the Metroliner, crushing it beneath its fuselage. The 737 proceeded to skid down the runway, then veered off the left side and came to rest on the far side of the taxiway against a closed fire station building where it eventually caught fire.〔 Large debris from the Metroliner – including its tail, wings, and right engine – were found on the runway and between the runway and the abandoned fire station. The accident was witnessed from a plane carrying the Vancouver Canucks, who were arriving for an NHL hockey game against the Los Angeles Kings. The captain of that charter aircraft, having just landed, powered up the engines to get away from the fireball of the accident.〔 The team was unsure if the USAir 737 was going to stop before it collided with their plane. The Canucks were shaken by the experience and lost to the Kings by a score of 9–1, their worst loss of the 1990–91 season.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USAir Flight 1493」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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